CYCS

Summary Top Help

Gene Description:

cytochrome c, somatic; cytochrome c, somatic pseudogene

Synonyms:

HCS, ENSMUSG00000062038, CYC, CYCS, Cycs, CYCSA, Gm10108, THC4

Orthologs:

Human CYCS (protein-coding), Mouse Gm10108 (pseudo), Rat Cycs (protein-coding)

Sources

Overlapping regions from T1DBase Curated Regions Top Help

Regions Overlapping this Feature: Rat: 1

Other Regions: 1 Available

Locus	Species	Chromosomal Location	Mb	Number of genes
Iddm14	Rat	chr4:63276741..160891592	97.61	815

Gene Overview from Genome Browser Top Help

(Human) GRCh37 - chr7:25158270..25164980 (6.71 kb) View in Genome Browser

(Rat) RGSC3.4 - chr4:78825878..78827989 (2.11 kb) View in Genome Browser

HaemAtlas Expression from HaemAtlas Top Help

HaemAtlas Expression Table for CYCS:

Beta Cell Expression from Beta Cell Gene Atlas Top Help

Cell Types Showing Expression: Available

Users should be aware that the scale represents a rank within an experiment rather than a normalized expression signal.

Human					Mouse			Rat
ductal cells	exocrine pancreas	pancreatic islets	primary beta cells	Pancreatic Islets MPSS	beta cell line	pancreatic islets	whole pancreas	alpha cell	beta cell line	pancreatic islets	primary beta cells	whole pancreas
					no data	no data	no data

Expression Legend

Tissue Expression from GNF Gene Atlas Top Help

Tissues Showing Expression: Available

Users should be aware that the scale represents a rank within an experiment rather than a normalized expression signal.

Expression Legend

Interactions Top Help

Interactions Table for CYCS:

Cross-Reference to Pathways and GO Terms Top Help

View all

KEGG Network: 13

Biocarta: None available

Reactome: 9

NCI-Nature Pathway Interaction Database: 5

Gene Ontology: 21

Publications from PubMed Top Help

Publications: 115

Co-treatment with ginsenoside Rh2 and betulinic acid synergistically induces apoptosis in human cancer cells in association with enhanced capsase-8 activation, bax translocation, and cytochrome c release.
Li Q, Li Y, Wang X, Fang X, He K, Guo X, Zhan Z, Sun C, Jin YH
Mol Carcinog. 2011
PubMed ID: 21751259
Congenital thrombocytopenia and cytochrome C mutation: a matter of birth and death.
Cramer Bordé E, Ouzegdouh Y, Ledgerwood EC, Morison IM
Semin Thromb Hemost. 2011
PubMed ID: 22102269
Sphingosine induces apoptosis in hippocampal neurons and astrocytes by activating caspase-3/-9 via a mitochondrial pathway linked to SDK/14-3-3 protein/Bax/cytochrome c.
Kanno T, Nishizaki T
J Cell Physiol. 2011
PubMed ID: 21660956
CSF Bcl-2 and cytochrome C temporal profiles in outcome prediction for adults with severe TBI.
Wagner AK, Amin KB, Niyonkuru C, Postal BA, McCullough EH, Ozawa H, Dixon CE, Bayir H, Clark RS, Kochanek PM, Fabio A
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2011
PubMed ID: 21448217
Resveratrol induces p53-independent, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)-mediated Bax protein oligomerization on mitochondria to initiate cytochrome c release and caspase activation.
Gogada R, Prabhu V, Amadori M, Scott R, Hashmi S, Chandra D
J Biol Chem. 2011
PubMed ID: 21712378
The proapoptotic G41S mutation to human cytochrome c alters the heme electronic structure and increases the electron self-exchange rate.
Liptak MD, Fagerlund RD, Ledgerwood EC, Wilbanks SM, Bren KL
J Am Chem Soc. 2011
PubMed ID: 21192676
Initial characterization of the human central proteome.
Burkard TR, Planyavsky M, Kaupe I, Breitwieser FP, Bürckstümmer T, Bennett KL, Superti-Furga G, Colinge J
BMC Syst Biol. 2011
PubMed ID: 21269460
Nitration of tyrosine 74 prevents human cytochrome c to play a key role in apoptosis signaling by blocking caspase-9 activation.
García-Heredia JM, Díaz-Moreno I, Nieto PM, Orzáez M, Kocanis S, Teixeira M, Pérez-Payá E, Díaz-Quintana A, De la Rosa MA
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010
PubMed ID: 20227384
New genetic associations detected in a host response study to hepatitis B vaccine.
Davila S, Froeling FE, Tan A, Bonnard C, Boland GJ, Snippe H, Hibberd ML, Seielstad M
Genes Immun. 2010
PubMed ID: 20237496
Cytochrome c-induced lymphocyte death from the outside in: inhibition by serum leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1.
Codina R, Vanasse A, Kelekar A, Vezys V, Jemmerson R
Apoptosis. 2010
PubMed ID: 19851871
Role for X-linked Inhibitor of apoptosis protein upstream of mitochondrial permeabilization.
Owens TW, Foster FM, Valentijn A, Gilmore AP, Streuli CH
J Biol Chem. 2010
PubMed ID: 19875445
Genetic variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes influence AIDS progression.
Hendrickson SL, Lautenberger JA, Chinn LW, Malasky M, Sezgin E, Kingsley LA, Goedert JJ, Kirk GD, Gomperts ED, Buchbinder SP, Troyer JL, O'Brien SJ
PLoS One. 2010
PubMed ID: 20877624
NOA36/ZNF330 is a conserved cystein-rich protein with proapoptotic activity in human cells.
de Melo IS, Iglesias C, Benítez-Rondán A, Medina F, Martínez-Barberá JP, Bolívar J
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009
PubMed ID: 19895853
Hematoporphyrin derivative-mediated photodynamic therapy inhibits tumor growth in human cholangiocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo.
Cao LQ, Xue P, Lu HW, Zheng Q, Wen ZL, Shao ZJ
Hepatol Res. 2009
PubMed ID: 19788692
Sorafenib induces preferential apoptotic killing of a drug- and radio-resistant Hep G2 cells through a mitochondria-dependent oxidative stress mechanism.
Chiou JF, Tai CJ, Wang YH, Liu TZ, Jen YM, Shiau CY
Cancer Biol Ther. 2009
PubMed ID: 19770576
A novel role of serum cytochrome c as a tumor marker in patients with operable cancer.
Osaka A, Hasegawa H, Yamada Y, Yanagihara K, Hayashi T, Mine M, Aoyama M, Sawada T, Kamihira S
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2009
PubMed ID: 18825408
Absence of CYCS mutations in a large Italian cohort of patients with inherited thrombocytopenias of unknown origin.
Savoia A, Noris P, Perrotta S, Punzo F, Rocco DD, Oostra BA, Balduini CL
Platelets. 2009
PubMed ID: 19172527
Serum levels of p53 and cytochrome c in subjects with type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance.
Dincer Y, Himmetoglu S, Yalin S, Damci T, Ilkova H, Akcay T
Clin Invest Med. 2009
PubMed ID: 19640329
Absence of pro-apoptotic CYTOCHROME C gene mutation in common solid cancers and acute leukaemias.
Yoo NJ, Soung YH, Lee SH
Pathology. 2009
PubMed ID: 19404857
Elevated hydrostatic pressure triggers release of OPA1 and cytochrome C, and induces apoptotic cell death in differentiated RGC-5 cells.
Ju WK, Kim KY, Lindsey JD, Angert M, Patel A, Scott RT, Liu Q, Crowston JG, Ellisman MH, Perkins GA, Weinreb RN
Mol Vis. 2009
PubMed ID: 19169378
Glucose metabolism inhibits apoptosis in neurons and cancer cells by redox inactivation of cytochrome c.
Vaughn AE, Deshmukh M
Nat Cell Biol. 2008
PubMed ID: 19029908
Bax and Bid act in synergy to bring about T11TS-mediated glioma apoptosis via the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and subsequent caspase activation.
Bhattacharjee M, Acharya S, Ghosh A, Sarkar P, Chatterjee S, Kumar P, Chaudhuri S
Int Immunol. 2008
PubMed ID: 18931364
p,p'-DDE induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of cultured rat Sertoli cells.
Song Y, Liang X, Hu Y, Wang Y, Yu H, Yang K
Toxicology. 2008
PubMed ID: 18817839
Cytochrome c: a non-invasive biomarker of drug-induced liver injury.
Miller TJ, Knapton A, Adeyemo O, Noory L, Weaver J, Hanig JP
J Appl Toxicol. 2008
PubMed ID: 18418843
Nuclear translocation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) determines cell fate after hypoxia ischemia in neonatal brain.
Russell JC, Whiting H, Szuflita N, Hossain MA
J Neurochem. 2008
PubMed ID: 18485100
Identification of a Novel Protein MICS1 that is Involved in Maintenance of Mitochondrial Morphology and Apoptotic Release of Cytochrome c.
Oka T, Sayano T, Tamai S, Yokota S, Kato H, Fujii G, Mihara K
Mol Biol Cell. 2008
PubMed ID: 18417609
A mutation of human cytochrome c enhances the intrinsic apoptotic pathway but causes only thrombocytopenia.
Morison IM, Cramer Bordé EM, Cheesman EJ, Cheong PL, Holyoake AJ, Fichelson S, Weeks RJ, Lo A, Davies SM, Wilbanks SM, Fagerlund RD, Ludgate MW, da Silva Tatley FM, Coker MS, Bockett NA, Hughes G, Pippig DA, Smith MP, Capron C, Ledgerwood EC
Nat Genet. 2008
PubMed ID: 18345000
Evaluating cytochrome c diffusion in the intermembrane spaces of mitochondria during cytochrome c release.
Gillick K, Crompton M
J Cell Sci. 2008
PubMed ID: 18252800
Synthesized esters of ferulic acid induce release of cytochrome c from rat testes mitochondria.
Cione E, Tucci P, Senatore V, Perri M, Trombino S, Iemma F, Picci N, Genchi G
J Bioenerg Biomembr. 2008
PubMed ID: 17899337
More activated cardiac mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway in obese Zucker rats.
Lu MC, Tzang BS, Kuo WW, Wu FL, Chen YS, Tsai CH, Huang CY, Lee SD
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007
PubMed ID: 18070754
Activation of JNK-dependent pathway is required for HIV viral protein R-induced apoptosis in human monocytic cells: involvement of antiapoptotic BCL2 and c-IAP1 genes.
Mishra S, Mishra JP, Kumar A
J Biol Chem. 2007
PubMed ID: 17158886
The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium.
Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blöcker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Köhrer K, Ottenwälder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I
BMC Genomics. 2007
PubMed ID: 17974005
Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry.
Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, Li H, Taylor P, Climie S, McBroom-Cerajewski L, Robinson MD, O'Connor L, Li M, Taylor R, Dharsee M, Ho Y, Heilbut A, Moore L, Zhang S, Ornatsky O, Bukhman YV, Ethier M, Sheng Y, Vasilescu J, Abu-Farha M, Lambert JP, Duewel HS, Stewart II, Kuehl B, Hogue K, Colwill K, Gladwish K, Muskat B, Kinach R, Adams SL, Moran MF, Morin GB, Topaloglou T, Figeys D
Mol Syst Biol. 2007
PubMed ID: 17353931
Monomorphism of human cytochrome c.
Bertini I, Grassi E, Luchinat C, Quattrone A, Saccenti E
Genomics. 2006
PubMed ID: 16934433
A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration.
Lim J, Hao T, Shaw C, Patel AJ, Szabó G, Rual JF, Fisk CJ, Li N, Smolyar A, Hill DE, Barabási AL, Vidal M, Zoghbi HY
Cell. 2006
PubMed ID: 16713569
Suppressive effect of elongation factor 2 on apoptosis induced by HIV-1 viral protein R.
Zelivianski S, Liang D, Chen M, Mirkin BL, Zhao RY
Apoptosis. 2006
PubMed ID: 16520893
The LIFEdb database in 2006.
Mehrle A, Rosenfelder H, Schupp I, del Val C, Arlt D, Hahne F, Bechtel S, Simpson J, Hofmann O, Hide W, Glatting KH, Huber W, Pepperkok R, Poustka A, Wiemann S
Nucleic Acids Res. 2006
PubMed ID: 16381901
Large-scale analysis of the human ubiquitin-related proteome.
Matsumoto M, Hatakeyama S, Oyamada K, Oda Y, Nishimura T, Nakayama KI
Proteomics. 2005
PubMed ID: 16196087
HIV-1 Tat, apoptosis and the mitochondria: a tubulin link?
Giacca M
Retrovirology. 2005
PubMed ID: 15698476
HIV-1 Tat protein enhances microtubule polymerization.
de Mareuil J, Carre M, Barbier P, Campbell GR, Lancelot S, Opi S, Esquieu D, Watkins JD, Prevot C, Braguer D, Peyrot V, Loret EP
Retrovirology. 2005
PubMed ID: 15691386
Ca2+-induced reactive oxygen species production promotes cytochrome c release from rat liver mitochondria via mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-dependent and MPT-independent mechanisms: role of cardiolipin.
Petrosillo G, Ruggiero FM, Pistolese M, Paradies G
J Biol Chem. 2004
PubMed ID: 15475362
From ORFeome to biology: a functional genomics pipeline.
Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W, Wellenreuther R, Schleeger S, Mehrle A, Bechtel S, Sauermann M, Korf U, Pepperkok R, Sültmann H, Poustka A
Genome Res. 2004
PubMed ID: 15489336
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Morrin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J, MGC Project Team
Genome Res. 2004
PubMed ID: 15489334
Mitochondrial defects and heterogeneous cytochrome c release after cardiac cold ischemia and reperfusion.
Kuznetsov AV, Schneeberger S, Seiler R, Brandacher G, Mark W, Steurer W, Saks V, Usson Y, Margreiter R, Gnaiger E
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004
PubMed ID: 14693685
Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S
Nat Genet. 2004
PubMed ID: 14702039
Mitochondrial apoptosis induced by the HIV-1 envelope.
Castedo M, Perfettini JL, Andreau K, Roumier T, Piacentini M, Kroemer G
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003
PubMed ID: 15033690
Increased rat brain cytochrome c correlates with degree of perinatal copper deficiency rather than apoptosis.
Gybina AA, Prohaska JR
J Nutr. 2003
PubMed ID: 14608045
The human genome has 49 cytochrome c pseudogenes, including a relic of a primordial gene that still functions in mouse.
Zhang Z, Gerstein M
Gene. 2003
PubMed ID: 12909341
The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7.
Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Graves TA, Pepin KH, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Maas J, Jaeger S, Walker R, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, O'Laughlin MD, Schaller ME, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Cordes M, Du H, Sun H, Edwards J, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Andrews S, Isak A, Vanbrunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Lamar B, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Bielicki L, Scott K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Harris A, Strong CM, Hou S, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Leonard S, Rohlfing T, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Abbott A, Minx P, Maupin R, Strowmatt C, Latreille P, Miller N, Johnson D, Murray J, Woessner JP, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Schultz BR, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Nelson JO, Berkowicz N, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Bedell JA, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Chissoe SL, Marra MA, Raymond C, Haugen E, Gillett W, Zhou Y, James R, Phelps K, Iadanoto S, Bubb K, Simms E, Levy R, Clendenning J, Kaul R, Kent WJ, Furey TS, Baertsch RA, Brent MR, Keibler E, Flicek P, Bork P, Suyama M, Bailey JA, Portnoy ME, Torrents D, Chinwalla AT, Gish WR, Eddy SR, McPherson JD, Olson MV, Eichler EE, Green ED, Waterston RH, Wilson RK
Nature. 2003
PubMed ID: 12853948
Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology.
Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, Osborne LR, Nakabayashi K, Herbrick JA, Carson AR, Parker-Katiraee L, Skaug J, Khaja R, Zhang J, Hudek AK, Li M, Haddad M, Duggan GE, Fernandez BA, Kanematsu E, Gentles S, Christopoulos CC, Choufani S, Kwasnicka D, Zheng XH, Lai Z, Nusskern D, Zhang Q, Gu Z, Lu F, Zeesman S, Nowaczyk MJ, Teshima I, Chitayat D, Shuman C, Weksberg R, Zackai EH, Grebe TA, Cox SR, Kirkpatrick SJ, Rahman N, Friedman JM, Heng HH, Pelicci PG, Lo-Coco F, Belloni E, Shaffer LG, Pober B, Morton CC, Gusella JF, Bruns GA, Korf BR, Quade BJ, Ligon AH, Ferguson H, Higgins AW, Leach NT, Herrick SR, Lemyre E, Farra CG, Kim HG, Summers AM, Gripp KW, Roberts W, Szatmari P, Winsor EJ, Grzeschik KH, Teebi A, Minassian BA, Kere J, Armengol L, Pujana MA, Estivill X, Wilson MD, Koop BF, Tosi S, Moore GE, Boright AP, Zlotorynski E, Kerem B, Kroisel PM, Petek E, Oscier DG, Mould SJ, Döhner H, Döhner K, Rommens JM, Vincent JB, Venter JC, Li PW, Mural RJ, Adams MD, Tsui LC
Science. 2003
PubMed ID: 12690205
Cytochrome c-induced cytosolic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidation, mitochondrial permeability transition, and apoptosis.
La Piana G, Marzulli D, Consalvo MI, Lofrumento NE
Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003
PubMed ID: 12573279
Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, Wagner L, Shenmen CM, Schuler GD, Altschul SF, Zeeberg B, Buetow KH, Schaefer CF, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Jordan H, Moore T, Max SI, Wang J, Hsieh F, Diatchenko L, Marusina K, Farmer AA, Rubin GM, Hong L, Stapleton M, Soares MB, Bonaldo MF, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brownstein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Prange C, Raha SS, Loquellano NA, Peters GJ, Abramson RD, Mullahy SJ, Bosak SA, McEwan PJ, McKernan KJ, Malek JA, Gunaratne PH, Richards S, Worley KC, Hale S, Garcia AM, Gay LJ, Hulyk SW, Villalon DK, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Lu X, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madan A, Young AC, Shevchenko Y, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Touchman JW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Krzywinski MI, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Marra MA, Mammalian Gene Collection Program Team
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002
PubMed ID: 12477932
Apoptosis in heart failure represents programmed cell survival, not death, of cardiomyocytes and likelihood of reverse remodeling.
Haider N, Narula N, Narula J
J Card Fail. 2002
PubMed ID: 12555167
HIV-1 protease processes procaspase 8 to cause mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, caspase cleavage and nuclear fragmentation.
Nie Z, Phenix BN, Lum JJ, Alam A, Lynch DH, Beckett B, Krammer PH, Sekaly RP, Badley AD
Cell Death Differ. 2002
PubMed ID: 12404116
Iron toxicity and chelation therapy.
Britton RS, Leicester KL, Bacon BR
Int J Hematol. 2002
PubMed ID: 12416732
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel antagonists suppress the release of cytochrome c and the expression of procaspase-3 in rat hippocampus after global brain ischemia.
Zhang C, Shen W, Zhang G
Neurosci Lett. 2002
PubMed ID: 12147322
Testis-specific cytochrome c-null mice produce functional sperm but undergo early testicular atrophy.
Narisawa S, Hecht NB, Goldberg E, Boatright KM, Reed JC, Millán JL
Mol Cell Biol. 2002
PubMed ID: 12101247
Clinical findings and biochemical and molecular analysis of four patients with holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency.
Morrone A, Malvagia S, Donati MA, Funghini S, Ciani F, Pela I, Boneh A, Peters H, Pasquini E, Zammarchi E
Am J Med Genet. 2002
PubMed ID: 12124727
Caspase cascades in human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurodegeneration.
Garden GA, Budd SL, Tsai E, Hanson L, Kaul M, D'Emilia DM, Friedlander RM, Yuan J, Masliah E, Lipton SA
J Neurosci. 2002
PubMed ID: 12019321
Galectin-3 translocates to the perinuclear membranes and inhibits cytochrome c release from the mitochondria. A role for synexin in galectin-3 translocation.
Yu F, Finley RL, Raz A, Kim HR
J Biol Chem. 2002
PubMed ID: 11839755
Food-derived polyphenols inhibit pancreatic cancer growth through mitochondrial cytochrome C release and apoptosis.
Mouria M, Gukovskaya AS, Jung Y, Buechler P, Hines OJ, Reber HA, Pandol SJ
Int J Cancer. 2002
PubMed ID: 11920648
Exogenous phospholipids specifically affect transmembrane potential of brain mitochondria and cytochrome C release.
Piccotti L, Marchetti C, Migliorati G, Roberti R, Corazzi L
J Biol Chem. 2002
PubMed ID: 11815626
Cytochrome c release upon Fas receptor activation depends on translocation of full-length bid and the induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition.
Tafani M, Karpinich NO, Hurster KA, Pastorino JG, Schneider T, Russo MA, Farber JL
J Biol Chem. 2002
PubMed ID: 11790791
Cytochrome c release from mitochondria proceeds by a two-step process.
Ott M, Robertson JD, Gogvadze V, Zhivotovsky B, Orrenius S
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002
PubMed ID: 11818574
Hsp27 as a negative regulator of cytochrome C release.
Paul C, Manero F, Gonin S, Kretz-Remy C, Virot S, Arrigo AP
Mol Cell Biol. 2002
PubMed ID: 11784858
Bax releases cytochrome c preferentially from a complex between porin and adenine nucleotide translocator. Hexokinase activity suppresses this effect.
Vyssokikh MY, Zorova L, Zorov D, Heimlich G, Jürgensmeier JJ, Brdiczka D
Mol Biol Rep. 2002
PubMed ID: 12243190
Calcineurin-dependent mitochondrial disturbances in calcium-induced apoptosis of human immunodeficiency virus gp160-expressing CD4+ cells.
Sasaki M, Miyazaki K, Koga Y, Kimura G, Nomoto K, Yoshida H
J Virol. 2002
PubMed ID: 11739707
Cytochrome c/cytochrome c oxidase interaction. Direct structural evidence for conformational changes during enzyme turnover.
Sampson V, Alleyne T
Eur J Biochem. 2001
PubMed ID: 11737208
Binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 to CXCR4 induces mitochondrial transmembrane depolarization and cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis independently of Fas signaling.
Roggero R, Robert-Hebmann V, Harrington S, Roland J, Vergne L, Jaleco S, Devaux C, Biard-Piechaczyk M
J Virol. 2001
PubMed ID: 11462036
Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs.
Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, Gassenhuber J, Glassl S, Ansorge W, Böcher M, Blöcker H, Bauersachs S, Blum H, Lauber J, Düsterhöft A, Beyer A, Köhrer K, Strack N, Mewes HW, Ottenwälder B, Obermaier B, Tampe J, Heubner D, Wambutt R, Korn B, Klein M, Poustka A
Genome Res. 2001
PubMed ID: 11230166
Cytochrome c is released from mitochondria in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent fashion and can operate as a ROS scavenger and as a respiratory substrate in cerebellar neurons undergoing excitotoxic death.
Atlante A, Calissano P, Bobba A, Azzariti A, Marra E, Passarella S
J Biol Chem. 2000
PubMed ID: 10980192
DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination.
Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA
Genome Res. 2000
PubMed ID: 11076863
Ganglioside GD3 and its mimetics induce cytochrome c release from mitochondria.
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Hsp27 negatively regulates cell death by interacting with cytochrome c.
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Mitochondrial translocation of protein kinase C delta in phorbol ester-induced cytochrome c release and apoptosis.
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J Biol Chem. 2000
PubMed ID: 10818086
Ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the proapoptotic active form of bid. A functional consequence on apoptosis induction.
Breitschopf K, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S
J Biol Chem. 2000
PubMed ID: 10801801
Evaluation of methods for the determination of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities in human skeletal muscle samples.
Wiedemann FR, Vielhaber S, Schröder R, Elger CE, Kunz WS
Anal Biochem. 2000
PubMed ID: 10683230
Cloning and characterization of a novel human dual flavin reductase.
Paine MJ, Garner AP, Powell D, Sibbald J, Sales M, Pratt N, Smith T, Tew DG, Wolf CR
J Biol Chem. 2000
PubMed ID: 10625700
Mitochondrial control of cell death induced by HIV-1-encoded proteins.
Ferri KF, Jacotot E, Blanco J, Esté JA, Kroemer G
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000
PubMed ID: 11193032
Over-expression of Bcl-2 does not protect cells from hypericin photo-induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization, but delays subsequent events in the apoptotic pathway.
Chaloupka R, Petit PX, Israël N, Sureau F
FEBS Lett. 1999
PubMed ID: 10622714
Role of cytochrome c as a stimulator of alpha-synuclein aggregation in Lewy body disease.
Hashimoto M, Takeda A, Hsu LJ, Takenouchi T, Masliah E
J Biol Chem. 1999
PubMed ID: 10506125
A soluble version of the receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase kappa stimulates neurite outgrowth via a Grb2/MEK1-dependent signaling cascade.
Drosopoulos NE, Walsh FS, Doherty P
Mol Cell Neurosci. 1999
PubMed ID: 10383829
An APAF-1.cytochrome c multimeric complex is a functional apoptosome that activates procaspase-9.
Zou H, Li Y, Liu X, Wang X
J Biol Chem. 1999
PubMed ID: 10206961
SAG, a novel zinc RING finger protein that protects cells from apoptosis induced by redox agents.
Duan H, Wang Y, Aviram M, Swaroop M, Loo JA, Bian J, Tian Y, Mueller T, Bisgaier CL, Sun Y
Mol Cell Biol. 1999
PubMed ID: 10082581
Ordering the cytochrome c-initiated caspase cascade: hierarchical activation of caspases-2, -3, -6, -7, -8, and -10 in a caspase-9-dependent manner.
Slee EA, Harte MT, Kluck RM, Wolf BB, Casiano CA, Newmeyer DD, Wang HG, Reed JC, Nicholson DW, Alnemri ES, Green DR, Martin SJ
J Cell Biol. 1999
PubMed ID: 9922454
Toward a complete human genome sequence.

Genome Res. 1998
PubMed ID: 9847074
The influence of mutation at Glu44 and Glu56 of cytochrome b5 on the protein's stabilization and interaction between cytochrome c and cytochrome b5.
Qian W, Sun YL, Wang YH, Zhuang JH, Xie Y, Huang ZX
Biochemistry. 1998
PubMed ID: 9760250
Cytochrome c in the apoptotic and antioxidant cascades.
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Conformational changes in the mitochondrial channel protein, VDAC, and their functional implications.
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Structure and expression of rodent genes encoding the testis-specific cytochrome c. Differences in gene structure and evolution between somatic and testicular variants.
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Immunocytochemical demonstration of cytochrome c oxidase with an immunoperoxidase method: a specific stain for mitochondria in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human tissues.
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Spectroscopic analysis of the interaction between cytochrome c and cytochrome c oxidase.
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Electrostatic interaction of cytochrome c with cytochrome c1 and cytochrome oxidase.
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Interaction of cytochrome c with cytochrome bc1 complex of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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Effect of modification of individual cytochrome c lysines on the reaction with cytochrome b5.
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J Biol Chem. 1963
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The amino acid sequence of human heart cytochrome c.
MATSUBARA H, SMITH EL
J Biol Chem. 1962
PubMed ID: 13933734

Model Organism Phenotype Links from MGI Top Help

Model Organism Phenotype Links

External Links Top Help

	Human	Mouse	Rat
Entrez Gene	54205	670717	25309
EnsEMBL Gene(s)	ENSG00000172115	N/A	ENSRNOG00000010452 ENSRNOG00000032885
Unigene	Hs.437060	N/A	Rn.161841
Homologene	CYCS	Gm10108	Cycs
OMIM	123970	N/A	N/A
GeneCards	CYCS	N/A	N/A
Beta Cell Genomics	DT.100888546 DT.75101253 DT.75196329 DT.91720058 DT.91812314 DT.92473725	N/A	N/A
Reactome	P99999	N/A	N/A
Plasma Peptide Atlas	ENSP00000307786	N/A	N/A
WikiGenes	54205	670717	25309

External resources from NIDDK Consortium Interconnectivity Network Top Help

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Interactor	Interactor	Sources	Classification	Pubmed IDs
CYCS	CYB5A	HPRD, BioGRID	empirical	199233 9760250
CYCS	CYC1	HPRD, BioGRID	empirical	6262312
CYCS	CYB5R3	HPRD	empirical	4403130
CYCS	EPB41	IntAct	empirical	17353931
CYCS	FDX1	HPRD	empirical	6270113
CYCS	TNIK	IntAct	empirical	17353931
CYCS	AGTPBP1	HPRD, IntAct	empirical	16713569
CYCS	FTSJ1	IntAct	empirical	17353931
CYCS	GH1	IntAct	empirical	17353931
CYCS	NDOR1	HPRD, BioGRID	empirical	10625700
CYCS	HCCS	MINT	empirical	16858406
CYCS	HLA-B	IntAct	empirical	17353931
CYCS	APAF1	HPRD, IntAct, BioGRID, Reactome	empirical	9267021 12147322 10206961
CYCS	HSPA8	HPRD, BioGRID	empirical	8663341
CYCS	HSPB1	HPRD, BioGRID	empirical	10980706 11784858
CYCS	GSTK1	IntAct, BioGRID	empirical	17353931
CYCS	MCC	IntAct	empirical	17353931
CYCS	CYB5R1	HPRD	empirical	9760250
CYCS	PINX1	IntAct	empirical	17353931
CYCS	PIH1D1	Sanger Interaction Map	predicted	15345047
CYCS	PRKAB1	IntAct	empirical	17353931
CYCS	BCL2	HPRD	empirical	10622714
CYCS	BCL2L1	HPRD, MIPS, BioGRID	empirical	9192670
CYCS	SAFB	HPRD	empirical	11784858
CYCS	SNCA	HPRD	empirical	10506125
CYCS	TRAF6	IntAct	empirical	17353931
CYCS	UBC	BioGRID	empirical	16196087 20972266 21139048 21890473 21906983
CYCS	UQCRC1	HPRD, BioGRID	empirical	6251869
CYCS	VDAC1	BioGRID	empirical	12243190
CYCS	VDAC2	HPRD	empirical	9615439
CYCS	VHL	IntAct	empirical	17353931
CYCS	SPNS1	IntAct	empirical	12815463
CYCS	CASP9	HPRD	empirical	12147322
CYCS	COX4I2	HPRD, BioGRID	empirical	10683230 11737208 1309738 2153405 6088481
CYCS	TNFRSF10D	IntAct	empirical	17353931
CYCS	RNF7	HPRD	empirical	10082581
CYCS	IKBKE	IntAct	empirical	17353931